Nature-Based Early Childhood Education and Children’s Physical Activity, Sedentary Behavior, Motor Competence, and Other Physical Health Outcomes: A Mixed-Methods Systematic Review

The study investigates the relationship between attending a nature kindergarten and children’s physical activity and motor skills. The purpose is to (1) find out whether participating in a nature-based kindergarten is associated with or has an effect on children’s physical health and development, and (2) explore the perceptions of children, parents, and/or kindergarten staff regarding the impact of nature-based kindergartens on children’s physical health and development.

The study shows mixed results in terms of the relationship between nature kindergartens and increased physical activity, as well as improved speed, agility and object control. However, there are positive relationships between nature kindergartens and reduced sedentary behaviour as well as improved balance. Positive relationships were also found between specific natural elements, such as vegetation, and different types of physical activity. The qualitative analysis shows that nature kindergartens provide higher intensity in physical activity and risky play, which can improve motor skills. The results indicate that more research is needed on nature-based kindergartens in order to draw stronger conclusions about the effects on children’s physical activity and motor skills.

The study is based on systematic literature searches in nine databases. Articles that were included for further analyses focus on kindergarten children aged 2-7 years, kindergartens that integrate nature, and assessed physical outcomes. The articles were screened and quality assessed, followed by a synthesis using direction of effect (quantitative), thematic analysis (qualitative), and a combined approach through results-based convergent synthesis. A total of 1370 full text articles were screened and 39 studies were suitable for further analyses.

Johnstone, A., McCrorie, P., Cordovil, R., Fjørtoft, I., Iivonen, S., Jidovtseff, B., Lopes, F., Reilly, J. J., Thomson, H., Wells, V., & Martin, A. (2022). Nature-Based Early Childhood Education and Children’s Physical Activity, Sedentary Behavior, Motor Competence, and Other Physical Health Outcomes: A Mixed-Methods Systematic Review. Journal of Physical Activity and Health, 19(6), 456–472.